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₹-738.768 crore (US$−110 million) (2015–16)WebsiteKerala State Road Transport Corporation ( KSRTC) is a state-owned road transport corporation in the state of. It is one of the country's oldest state-run public bus transport services. The corporation is divided into three zones (South, Central and North, and its headquarters is in (Kerala's capital city). Daily scheduled service has increased from 1,200,000 kilometres (750,000 mi) to 1,422,546 kilometres (883,929 mi), using 6,241 buses on 6,389 routes.

The corporation transports an average of 3.145 million passengers per day. Contents.History Travancore State Transport Department The corporation's history dates back to before the formation of, making it one of India's oldest state-operated public road transport services. The government, headed by, decided to establish the Travancore State Transport Department (TSTD) to improve the existing public-transport system. A committee was formed, and it was decided that expert advice was needed. Assistant operating superintendent E.

Salter joined the committee on 20 September 1937, and began working on the project.Initially, the department imported 60 chassis from England. Under Salter's supervision, they were fitted with Lynx diesel engines. The bus bodies were built by department staff, and Travancore insisted on using local wood.

The body shop (supervised by Salter) was originally in Chakai, and was later moved to. Salter's experimental body design became standard on the rest of the buses.Most of the private operators on the - route had to close when the roads were nationalized, and many experienced drivers, conductors, and inspectors lost their jobs. TSTD recruited them, and Salter selected 60 people out of 81 applicants. Nearly one hundred applicants with bachelor's degrees were employed as inspectors and conductors.The state road-transport service was inaugurated on 20 February 1938 by, who (with his family, and other dignitaries) rode the first bus on the Main Road to; Salter drove the bus. A fleet of 33 buses and a large crowd joined in the celebration. On 21 February 1938, the first bus operated from to.The early buses had 23 leather seats. Entry was through the rear, and the buses had a centre aisle.

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Ten first-class seats were in the front. Schedules, fares and stops were published, and a parcel service began in which goods could be delivered by designated agents. Conductors wore with a white, and inspectors wore khaki. Conductors had machines to issue tickets. Later buses were manufactured by, and.The TSTD operated on three routes: -, -,.

Regular service began on 21 February 1938 with 39 buses. The minimum fare for one mile was one-half The next fare was one chakram, and first-class tickets were 50 percent more. Children under age three travelled free, and those between three and 14 paid half the fare. Luggage under 28 pounds (13 kg) was free; 28–56 pounds (13–25 kg) was four chakrams, and 56–112 pounds (25–51 kg) was six chakrams.The Motor Vehicle Act was passed in 1939.

Bus service was extended to in 1949, and to the in 1956. Kerala State Road Transport Corporation.

KSRTC bus station during the 1950sThe Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) was established by the Kerala government on 15 March 1965 after the Road Transport Corporation Act, which came into force in 1950. The Transport Department became an autonomous corporation on 1 April 1965.At the time, there were 661 bus routes and 36 lorry routes. The corporation's fleet consisted of 901 buses, 51 lorries, and 29 other vehicles; thirty buses and eight lorries were new. Ten old buses, seven lorries, and one tractor-trailer were converted to other uses. The KLX registration series was reserved for the KSRTC. On 1 July 1989, KSRTC buses began registration at a dedicated in with the KL-15 registration series.In 2001 became transport minister, and his brief tenure brought beneficial changes to the corporation. KSRTC was the first state to introduce Volvo buses into its fleet.

Body work was outsourced, and the buses' contemporary design was publicized as high-tech. Kumar commissioned to redesign the bus. Low-entry, buses were introduced in Trivandrum, and minibus service began.

The changes attracted passengers, making the corporation profitable.The Kerala government issued a notification in 2012 suspending new permits for inter-district buses, exempting the KSRTC. Although it was assumed that the corporation would assume those routes, it created a shortage of service from Kochi to several northern districts. CPPR research and projects director Madhu Sivaraman conducted a study of KSRTC-private bus options. Fleet The corporation has a fleet of 6241 buses consisting, and minibuses. The vehicles owned by KSRTC is registered under a dedicated RTO at Thiruvananthapuram with a registration series KL-15.Fleet numbering system Although KSRTC has a dedicated to register its fleet, all its buses have bonnet numbers (for internal identification) adjacent to the depot mark at the front of the vehicle. RPE981, a typical fleet number, can be split into three parts: RP, E and 981. RP indicates the vehicle series, derived from the word transport; each series contains 1,000 vehicles.

During the 1960s, KSRTC began assigning the serial number T to its buses; R followed the first 1,000 buses, followed by A and so on until the P series. Repetitive letters and the letter O were exempted. Later, two-letter combinations were used to identify bus series. The 1,000th bus in each series is numbered with a multiple of 1,000, indicating the total number of buses introduced by the corporation. T1962 - 1966R1966 - 1971A1973 - 1978N1979 - 1983S1983 - 1986P1986 - 1989TR1989 – 1993TA1993 – 1995TN1995 – 1997TS1997 – 2000TP2000 – 2004RT2004 – 2006RR2006 – 2008RA2008 – 2010RN2010 – 2012RS2012 – 2015RP2015 - 2016AT2016 -The second part ( E in the example) denotes the KSRTC workshop where the body work was done, and is absent on buses purchased fully built and outsourced bodywork. KSRTC owns five workshops: one central and four regional: CodeWorkshopCCentral Workshop, Pappanamcode, ThiruvananthapuramMRegional Workshop, MavelikkaraARegional Workshop, AluvaERegional Workshop, EdappalKRegional Workshop, KozhikodeThe third part is the vehicle number of the series. In addition to this system, a TE was assigned to 144 buses built in Edappal from 1997 to 2003.

Their depot vehicles are numbered in a D series, and the oil tankers are numbered in a TT series. The corporation has several ambulances, numbered AV. Buses procured as part of the are numbered JN. Services.

Garuda Maharaja service, operated with Scania Metrolink HD buses Garuda Maharaja Introduced in 2016, Garuda Maharaja is the corporation's flagship service and uses 13.7-metre (45 ft) coaches. The buses have reclining seats with footrests and calf support, and radio and television in the front and centre. Water bottles and blankets are optional. Garuda Maharaja service is available on long-distance interstate routes, and most run on the – route.

Garuda King Class Premium service, introduced in 2014, on 10 air-conditioned multi-axle buses with amnesties similar to Garuda Maharaja. Garuda Sanchari KSRTC operates two-axle Volvo buses in its Garuda Sanchari service ( sanchari means 'passenger' in ). The service was introduced by in 2002. The first vehicles, two Volvo Euro III (TP620 and TP621) were the first Volvo buses introduced by a road transport corporation. One bus operated on the Trivandrum– route and the other operated on the Trivandrum- route until 2008.

In 2008, KSRTC acquired three buses. Super Deluxe Air Bus The non-air conditioned, white buses with streaks of tri-color on the sides can charge mobile phones and laptops, and have rear-axle air suspension. They are built on and chassis. All passengers are guaranteed a seat. The KSRTC's oldest deluxe service operates between and Thiruvananthapuram. Started in 1967, it was part of the 1969 film (the service's nickname).

Large parts of the film were shot inside a bus. Minnal Long-distance, limited-stop deluxe night buses which use bypass roads to avoid traffic and save time. The maximum number of stops for Minnal service ( minnal means 'lightning' in Malayalam) is eight. The 41-seat, red-and-white buses (with lightning bolts) have 2+2 reclining seats and rear-axle air suspension. The service was introduced in June 2017, under managing director M. Its color scheme was chosen to enhance nighttime visibility. The buses are built in-house on ’ and BS III air suspension chassis.

Sabari Air Bus Introduced in 2016 as a service for pilgrims. The buses have a forest-themed livery to increase awareness of the environmentally-sensitive. The buses (with facilities and fares similar to deluxe buses) also run throughout Kerala and interstate, and are built on Ashok Leyland BS III (ALPSV 4/186) and Tata LPO 1512c EX/58 BS III air-suspension chassis. Super Express Air Bus Green-and-yellow buses, with paint inspired by, have deluxe features at a lower fare. Super Express buses have more stops than deluxe buses, and standees are permitted. The fleet includes buses built in-house on Ashok Leyland 160 hp Viking 222 BS III (ALPSV 4/186) and BS III air-suspension chassis. Super Fast Passenger (SFP).

SFP bus, built by the Edappal Regional Workshop, running towardsNon-air-conditioned, 3+2 buses which operate on long, intercity routes. Super Fast buses, with fewer stops than Fast Passenger buses but more than Super Express, are built on, and chassis. The service began in early 1992 as an improvement of the Fast Passenger service. Sandeshavahini Super Fast buses with water-conservation messages ( sandeshavahini means 'messenger' in Malayalam), pamphlets, posters, and other publicity materials for distribution KSRTC introduced the service in March 2017 with 15 buses, one for each district (except Thiruvananthapuram, which has two). The bus bodies were fabricated at KSRTC's Edappal regional workshop on BS III and Ashok Leyland BS III 160 hp Viking 222 (ALPSV 4/186) chassis.

Fast Passenger (FP). Rajadhani busNonstop FP service in, and districts. Introduced in Trivandram district as service in 2012, it was introduced in the Malabar region (connecting Calicut and Wayanad districts) the following year. Ordinary KSRTC's most basic service, the red-and-yellow buses have bench 3+2 or 2+2 seats. Older Super Class buses are usually converted and used for ordinary service. Town-to-Town (TT) TT service, charging ordinary fares with fewer stops, was introduced during the mid-1990s. Ananthapuri Fast/City Fast Ananthapuri Fast are blue-and-white City Fast buses in Thiruvananthapuram.

City Fast buses also operated in, and their fare is slightly higher than ordinary fare. Limited Stop Ordinary Ordinary buses with fewer stops, introduced during the mid-1990s. Malabar/Venad/Thiru Kochi Introduced as limited-stop ordinary service, the buses are also used for ordinary service.

Double-decker bus at the bus stationKSRTC operates in Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam districts at ordinary fare. The Ashok Leyland Titan (BS III 123 kW) buses have bonnet numbers RN766 and RN765.Travancore State Transport Department superintendent E. Salter imported double-decker buses in 1937. KSRTC also used one of the original in on a route from to from the 1960s to the late 1970s. A court, faced with non-payment by the KSRTC, ordered the seizure of the Kochi double-decker until the debt was paid.Thiruvanathapuram originally had 15 double-decker buses, serially numbered from DD1 to DD15, with bodies built at KSRTC Central Workshop in Thiruvananthapuaram. The buses had a, with no clutch.

The last five buses were moved to Eranakulam district. KSRTC launched two double-decker buses (serial numbers TR555 and TR666) during the 1990s. Articulated buses KSRTC owns an (BS III 123 kW) bus, which operates in. Passengers pay ordinary fares. Had tractor units and trailers.

Discontinued services Terraplane KSRTC's flagship luxury service during the 1970s operated nonstop between Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam. Introduced by transport minister, buses had onboard toilets and a reservation system. Two buses with bonnet numbers A555, A666 and a super-deluxe bus (numbered 4000) were used for the service, which was discontinued due to a high accident rate. Lightning Express Long distance, limited-stop service during the 1990s. The silver buses were later converted to Volvos. White Express Red-and-white buses which operated during the 1990s ilver Line Jet Introduced in 2015 as a successor to the Lighting Express, the limited-stop intrastate service had reclining seats, a CCTV camera, Wi-Fi, and charging facilities for laptops and mobile phones. It was discontinued due to low ridership, reportedlu caused by lack of air suspension and high fares.

The 41-seat buses were fabricated in-house on Ashok Leyland BS III and Eicher 20.15 N LPO BS III chassis. Pink Bus KSRTC launched the women-only city fast service in Thiruvananthapuram district in 2017. The buses had women conductors. Two old Ashok Leyland 160 hp Viking BS III 222’’ (ALPSV 4/186) pink super-fast buses were used for the service.

However, the buses failed to attract passengers. Minibus KSRTC's minibus service, introduced in 2003, was the first of its kind in India. With a capacity of 25 to 30 seats, the buses were ideal for some routes and stopped at passenger request. The service was discontinued due to bus-durability concerns. Ananthapuri Air Bus Introduced in 2005 in Thiruvananthapuram, the service was a predecessor of low-floor buses. With two doors and a long body, the buses could carry almost twice as many passengers as other buses.

Intended for tourists, the semi-low floor (635mm), rear engine, non-air-conditioned bus by chassis (ALPS 3/22) had a body built by Irizar – TVS. With H-series turbocharged engines conforming to BS-II emission standards the 42 seater buses also had front and rear air suspension. KSRTC had a total 4 of them with serial numbers RT599, RT600, RT601, and RT602. These buses had dark blue lines on white background paintjob. AC Air Deluxe. RT962, a Tata AC Air Bus owned by KSRTCA short-lived air-conditioned service was launched in 2005 after the first Volvo buses. There were 10 buses: five Tata (built by Popular) and five Ashok Leyland, built by Irizar TVS.

The Tata buses were built on LPO 1616/62 BS-II chassis with engine-driven (direct-drive) air-conditioning, and the AL chassis were 177 hp 12M BS-II (ALPSV 4/86) with air-conditioning driven by a slave engine.At the end of 2007, KSRTC added 20 buses to its fleet. The buses with tri-colour streaks on a white background, had reclining seats and recharging facilities for mobile phones. Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation In November 2014, (KURTC, with its headquarters in ) was formed to operate low-floor buses procured with financial assistance from the (JNNURM). Zones KSRTC has three zones. NameDistrictsHeadquartersSouth,Central,North,The Thiruvananthapuram (south) zone, which includes three districts, has more buses. The north zone (which includes six districts) has 945 buses, most long-distance.

Depots and workshops KSRTC has 28 depots, 45 sub-depots, 19 operating centres, 28 stationmaster offices, five workshops and three staff-training colleges throughout the state. In 1995, the corporation established the in at its central workshop.KSRTC has 28 station master (SM) offices in, Eenchakkal, Ernakulam Jetty, Kadakkal, Kaliyakkavila, Ochira, Pothencode, Puthenkurishu, and staff-training colleges in Trivandrum, Ernakulam and Edappal. Stack of bus tickets; electronic ticketing machines are now used.KSRTC uses a fare-stage system to calculate fares. Fare tableService classMinimum fareRate per km for travel above minimum fareCity/OrdinaryRs.870 paiseCity FastRs.875 paiseFast Passenger/LSFPRs.1175 paiseSuper Fast PassengerRs.1578 paiseSuper ExpressRs.2285 paiseSuper DeluxeRs.30100 paiseLuxury/Hi-tech and ACRs.44120 paiseGaruda Sanchari/Biaxle PremiumRs.45145 paiseGaruda Maharaja/ Garuda King Class/ Multi-axle PremiumRs.90145 paiseA/C Low FloorRs.20Non A/C Low FloorRs.10References. Hindustan Times.

27 October 2017. Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018. At present the corporation has 5373 buses running on 4795 schedules. 27 August 1937. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

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123 Kerala On The Netflix

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